Transcript:

Today, let’s keep talking about words related to trials. And to help you improve your English fluency, I have created a fun mini-story. As usual, I will ask you many simple questions you must answer quickly. It’s just like having a conversation with someone in real life.

Okay! Let’s start!

#1 Expert witness

An expert witness is someone who, in a trial, gives their professional and impartial opinion on a specific topic related to the trial. Sometimes they may prepare a report or testify.

Example:

The expert witness gave his professional opinion on the box. It was indeed an empty box of chocolate chip cookies.

#2 Witness

A witness is someone who has direct knowledge of the facts on trial. Witnesses are essential because they can help determine a defendant’s guilt.

For example, a witness can provide key information about the crime’s circumstances and help confirm whether the defendant was present at the crime scene.

Example:

The witness testified with horror that he saw the defendant eating and tasting the last chocolate chip cookie in the box.

#3 Cross-examination

In trials, an attorney asks the defendant and others questions to find out more about what happened.

For example, imagine this cross-examination between the prosecutor and the defendant:

– So, why did you lick your fingers?
– Because they were covered in chocolate.
– There are no further questions, Your Honor.

#4 Judge

The judge is the most influential person in the courtroom. They preside over the trial and pass sentences. ‘Your Honor’ is a respectful form to address a judge.

Example:
The judge ruled that the defendant was guilty of eating the last cookie without sharing it with his friends.

#5 Jury
On the other hand, a jury is a randomly selected group of people to decide whether a person is guilty or not guilty.

Example:
The judge had to break for lunch as the jury got hungry after hearing about cookies for hours.

[END OF THE EXTRACT]

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